However, Herod already had a wife, Doris, and a young son, Antipaterand chose therefore to banish Doris and her child. Herod did this in an attempt to secure his claim to the throne and gain some Jewish favor. The Romans had a special interest in Judea because their general Pompey the Great had conquered Jerusalem in 63 BCEthus placing the region in the Roman sphere of influence.

Later, AntigonusHyrcanus' nephew, took the throne from his uncle with the help of the Parthians.

Herod's rise to power is largely due to his father's good standing relation with Julius Caesarwho entrusted Antipater with the public affairs of Judea.ĭuring this time, the young Herod cultivated a good relationship with Sextus Caesarthe acting Roman governor of Syria, who appointed Herod as general of Coelesyria and Samariagreatly expanding his realm of influence. Herod's father was by descent an Edomitewhose ancestors had converted to Judaism. Upon Herod's death, the Romans divided his kingdom among three of his sons and his sister- Archelaus became ethnarch of JudeaSamariaand IdumeaHerod Antipas became tetrarch of Galilee and PeraeaPhilip became tetrarch of territories north and east of the Jordan, and Salome I was given a toparchy including the cities of JabnehAshdodand Phasaelis. His reign polarizes opinion amongst scholars and historians, some viewing his legacy as evidence of success, and some as a reminder of his tyrannical rule. Vital details of his life are recorded in the works of the 1st century CE Roman-Jewish historian Josephus. The history of his legacy has polarized opinion, as he is known for his colossal building projects throughout Judea, including his renovation of the Second Temple in Jerusalem and the expansion of the Temple Mount towards its north, the Tomb of the Patriarchs in Hebronthe construction of the port at Caesarea Maritimathe fortress at Masadaand Herodium.

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